Chất điện li là gì? Định nghĩa, tính chất và ứng dụng

Electric Li is one of the important concepts in chemistry, bringing a deep understanding of the properties and applications of these substances in daily life as well as in industry. If you’ve ever wondered why salt water can conduct electricity or how the human body maintains an electrolyte equilibrium, then you have come to the right place! In this article, we will explore what electrolytes are, an interesting and interesting topic in the chemical world.

What is the definition of electrolytes?

Electrolyte is substances when dissolved in water dissolved into ions (cation and anion). These ions carry positive or negative charges and have the ability to move freely in the solution.

Illustrate electrolytes

Properties of electrolyte

Electrical conductivity: The solution of electrolyte electrolyte is due to the movement of free ions under the impact of the electric field.

Effect with many other substances: ions of electrolytes can participate in chemical reactions with many other substances, creating new compounds.

Conversion of indicator color: Many electrolytes change color indicators such as phenolphtalein, purple kneeling.

Why do electrical electrolytes?

When an electrolyte dissolves into water, its molecules will be dissociated into positive ions and negative ions. These ions move freely in the solution.

Electrical types of electrolytes

Electricity can be classified into two main types: strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes. This classification helps us to better understand the nature and potential of these substances in many different fields.

There are many different types of electrolytes

1. Strong electrolyte

Strong electrolytes are substances when soluble in water will completely dissolve into ions. Some typical examples include:

Strong electrolyte	Recipe
Strong acid	HCl, h₂so₄, HNO₃
Strong base	NaOH, KOH
Salt	NaCl, KBr

The electrolyte equation of strong electrolytes is usually represented by a one -way arrow, showing that they completely dissociate into ions when dissolved.

2. Weak electrolyte

In contrast to strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes only partially dissociate when dissolved in water. Some examples include:

Weak electrolyte	Recipe
Weak acid	CH₃COOH, HCN
Weak bases	Nh₃, HF

Electrical equation for weak electrolytes often use two -way arrow, reflects the reversible properties of the electrolyte process, allowing the reunion between ions and molecules that have not dissociated.

Electrical process

The electrolyte process takes place when a substance is soluble in water or solvent, forming positive and negative ions. This process can be divided into clear stages:

Soluble: electrolyte is added in the environment (usually water), causing solute molecules to begin to be separated.

Separation: When dissolved, the bonds in the molecules are broken, allowing free ions to form. For example, NaCl will dissolve into Na⁺ and Cl⁻.

Create ions: As soon as the ions are formed, they will move in the solution, creating the ability to conduct electricity.

Achieving the equilibrium: In the case of weak electrolytes, when the electrolyte process takes place, some ions can reunite together to form the original molecule, establishing an equilibrium state.

Stage	Describe
Dissolve	Enter the substance into the solvent
Dissociation	The molecule is separated into ions
Create ions	Free movement ions in solution
Balance	Set the electrolyte equilibrium

What is electrolyte?

The electrolyte is a specific quantity for the ability to dissolve into ions of an electrolyte when dissolved in water. In other words, it indicates that the percentage of molecules of electrolytes has dissociated into ions compared to the total number of initial electrolytes.

Meaning of electrolyte

Assess the strongness of the electrolyte: The strong electrolyte has an electrolyte almost 1, meaning that most molecules are dissociated into ions. In contrast, weak electrolytes have less than 1 electrolyte, which is only a small part of the dissociation molecule.

Predict the conductivity of the solution: The solution of strong electrolyte electrolyte is better than the solution of the weak electrolyte because the larger the ion concentration in the solution, the higher the ability to conduct electricity.

Affect the chemical properties of the solution: the electrolyte level affects the reaction rate, the pH of the solution and many other chemical properties.

The formula for calculating the electrolyte

The electrolyte is usually denoted by α (Alpha) and calculated by the formula:

α = (Number of moles of electrolyte electrolyte) / (Number of moles of initial electrolytes)

For example

Suppose we have 1 mole of acetic acid (ch₃cooh) dissolved in water and have 0.01 mol of molecules of acetic acid that dissociates into ions. Then, the electrolyte of acetic acid will be:

α = 0.01 mol / 1 mol = 0.01 = 1%

This shows that only 1% of acetic acid molecules dissociate into ions, the rest is still in the molecular form.

Effects of factors on electrolyte

Nature of electrolytes: Each electrolyte has a characteristic electrolyte.

Concentration: The more dilute the solution concentration, the greater the electrolyte.

Temperature: In general, when the temperature increases, the electrolyte increases.

The coexistent substance: The presence of other ions in the solution may increase or decrease the electrolyte of that electrolyte.

The role of electrolyte

Chemistry: Electricity helps explain many chemical phenomena such as the conductivity of the solution, the properties of acid, basic and salt solution.

Biology: Electricity affects the metabolism in the living body.

Industry: Electricity is used in many production processes, such as battery production, electrolytic.

Applications of electrolytes

Electrical substances, with the ability to dissolve into ions in the solution and produce electricity, plays an extremely important role in many areas of life. Here are some typical applications:

1. Battery and battery:

Electrical electrolytes are applied in battery and battery

Principle of operation: The conversion of chemical energy into electricity is based on electrolyte electrolyte.

Types of batteries: dry batteries, alkaline batteries, lead batteries, lithium-ion batteries …

Application: Provides energy for electronic devices, trams, hybrid vehicles.

2. Electrolysis:

Principle of operation: Use direct current to decompose compounds into simpler substances.

Application: Metal production (aluminum, copper), chlorine, caustic soda, electroplating, metal refining.

3. Chemical industry:

Producing acids and bases: Electrolysis of salt solution to produce strong acids and bases.

Organic synthesis: Many organic reactions use the environment of electrolyte solution to increase the reaction speed or create favorable conditions for the reaction to occur.

4. Medicine and biology:

Electrolyte solution: Water and electrolyte for the body when dehydrated due to diarrhea, vomiting.

ECG: Measure the electrical activity of the heart based on the transmission of electrical impulses through the ions in the body.

Brain electrical: Measuring the electrical activity of the brain.

5. Water treatment:

6. Agriculture:

Fertilizers: Many fertilizers are ionic compounds, providing essential nutrients for plants.

Adjust the soil pH: Use electrolytes to adjust the soil pH suitable for each plant.

7. Fuel cells:

Principle of operation: Convert chemical energy directly into electricity through redox reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.

Application: clean energy for mobile devices, cars.

8. Paint industry:

Distinguishing electrolytes and non -electrolytes

The distinction of electrolytes and non -electrolytes is very important in chemistry, because this affects the ability to conduct electricity and their application. The following is the difference between electrolytes and non -electrolytes:

The difference between electrolyte and non -electrolyte

Nature	Electrolyte	Non -electrolyte
Molecules in solution	Settle into ions	Exist in the form of molecules
Power conductivity	Conductor	Non -conductive
For example	Eating salt (NaCl), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), …	Sugar, ethyl alcohol, distilled water, …

The reason for the difference

Chemical structure: Electricity is usually an ionic compound (such as salt) or compounds with strong polarized covalent bonds (such as acids, bases). When dissolved in water, these links are broken and released ions.

Properties of solvents: Water is a polarized solvent, capable of dissolving polar substances and ions. When electrolytes dissolve in water, water molecules surround the ions, reduce the suction between ions and help them separate.

With the information that Dongachem.vn has just shared above, it can be seen that the electrolyte is not only the dry concepts in books, but also the vital factors in the operation of the world around us. From providing energy for electronic devices to maintaining the normal activity of the body, electrolytes play an essential role in daily life. What is the discovery of what electrolyte is not only to improve the understanding of chemistry but also open opportunities to apply that knowledge in practice, contributing to the development of science and technology.